The development history of alloy steel

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The development history of alloy steel Alloy steel has a history of more than one hundred years. The industrial use of alloy steel was about the latter half of the 19th century.

In 1868, the British RFMushet invented a self-hardening steel with a composition of 2.5%Mn-7%W, which increased the cutting speed to 5m/min.

In 1870, a 158.5-meter span bridge was built on the Mississippi River using chromium steel (1.5-2.0% Cr) in the United States; later, some industrial countries switched to nickel steel (3.5% Ni) to build large-span bridges, or used Build warships.

In 1901, high-carbon chromium rolling bearing steel appeared in Western Europe.

In 1910, an 18W-4Cr-1V high-speed tool steel was developed, which further increased the cutting speed to 30 m/min.

After the 1920s, stainless steel and heat-resistant steel came out during this period.

In 1920, German Maurer (E. Maurer) invented 18-8 type stainless acid-resistant steel.

In 1929, Fe-Cr-Al resistance wire appeared in the United States.

In 1939, Germany began to use austenitic heat-resistant steel in the power industry.

From the Second World War to the 1960s, it was mainly the era of the development of high-strength steel and ultra-high-strength steel. Due to the needs of the aviation industry and the development of rocket technology, many new high-strength steels and ultra-high-strength steels appeared, such as precipitation Hardened high-strength stainless steel and various low-alloy high-strength steels are its representative steel types. After the 1960s, many new metallurgical technologies, especially the out-of-furnace refining technology were widely adopted. Alloy steel began to develop in the direction of purity, high precision and ultra-low carbon, and maraging steel and ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel appeared. Waiting for new steel grades.

There are thousands of alloy steel grades and tens of thousands of specifications used internationally. The output of alloy steel accounts for about 10% of the total steel output. It is an important metal material widely used in the construction of the national economy and national defense.

Since the 1970s, the development of alloy high-strength steels worldwide has entered a new era. Based on controlled rolling technology and microalloying metallurgy, modern low-alloy high-strength steels, namely microalloyed steels, have formed a new era. new concept.

In the 1980s, the development of a variety involving a wide range of industrial fields and special material categories reached a peak with the help of achievements in metallurgical process technology. In the four-in-one relationship of chemical composition-process-structure-performance of steel, the status of the microstructure and micro-fine structure of steel was highlighted once, and it also showed that the basic research of low-alloy steel has become mature and is carried out with new concepts. Alloy design.